MIDDLE EAST POLITICS: OIL, POWER, AND THE FIGHT FOR INFLUENCE

The Middle East has always been at the center of world politics. The reason is simple: oil, geography, religion, and power. This region has some of the world’s largest oil and natural gas reserves, which makes it very important for the global economy. At the same time, it has deep political rivalries, wars, and foreign interventions. Let us understand how oil, power, and influence shape the politics of the Middle East.

Oil: The Black Gold

Oil is the heart of Middle Eastern politics. Countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates have huge oil reserves. Oil is not only their source of income but also their biggest tool of influence in world affairs. For example, when oil prices rise, these countries earn more money and gain more power. When prices fall, their economies suffer.

In the 1970s, the oil embargo showed the world how powerful Middle Eastern oil could be. Arab countries reduced oil supply to the West, and it created an energy crisis. Since then, big powers like the United States, Russia, and China have always tried to keep strong relations with Middle Eastern countries to secure oil supplies.

The Role of Religion

Religion is another important factor. The Middle East is the birthplace of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Within Islam itself, there is a major divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims. This divide often becomes political. Saudi Arabia sees itself as the leader of Sunni Muslims, while Iran is the center of Shia power. This rivalry has shaped many conflicts in the region, including in Yemen, Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon.

Religion is not only about faith but also about power. Leaders often use religion to gain support from their people or to influence other countries. For example, Iran supports Shia groups in different countries to increase its influence, while Saudi Arabia funds Sunni movements.

Geopolitics and Foreign Powers

The Middle East is located between Asia, Africa, and Europe. Its location makes it a key strategic region. Important sea routes like the Suez Canal and the Strait of Hormuz are vital for world trade. If these routes are blocked, oil supply to the world would be affected badly. That is why foreign powers keep a close watch on the region.

The United States has been the most powerful foreign player in the Middle East for decades. It has strong ties with Israel and Saudi Arabia. The U.S. has also been involved in wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and it still keeps military bases in the region. On the other hand, Russia supports Syria and has grown closer to Iran. China is also entering the region with its Belt and Road Initiative, offering investments and trade deals.

Wars and Conflicts

The Middle East is sadly known for wars and conflicts. The Arab-Israeli conflict has continued for more than 70 years. The wars in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen have killed millions of people and displaced many more. Most of these wars are not only about local issues but also about oil, power, and influence.

For example, in Syria, the war became a battlefield for many powers: the government supported by Russia and Iran, rebel groups supported by Turkey and some Arab states, and at one point the U.S. fighting against ISIS. Similarly, the Yemen war is seen as a proxy conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran.

The Fight for Influence

Every country in the Middle East wants to expand its influence. Saudi Arabia uses its oil wealth and religious status to lead the Arab world. Iran uses its Shia alliances and resistance groups. Turkey dreams of becoming a regional leader again, while Israel uses its technology, military strength, and U.S. support to remain secure and influential.

At the same time, smaller countries like Qatar and the United Arab Emirates also try to punch above their weight. Qatar hosts the Al Jazeera network, which influences public opinion across the region. The UAE invests heavily in ports, trade, and modern technology to build soft power.

The Future of Middle East Politics

The future of the Middle East will depend on many factors. First, the world is slowly moving toward renewable energy. This means oil may not remain as important in the long run. Middle Eastern countries know this, and many of them are trying to diversify their economies. For example, Saudi Arabia’s “Vision 2030” plan is focused on reducing dependence on oil.

Second, younger generations in the region want change. They want jobs, better governance, and less corruption. Protests in countries like Lebanon, Iraq, and Iran show that people are tired of political games played by their leaders.

Finally, peace in the Middle East depends on whether rival countries can talk and compromise. If Saudi Arabia and Iran reduce their tensions, many conflicts could cool down. If Israel and Palestine find a path toward peace, the whole region would benefit.

Conclusion

The Middle East is not just a region of deserts and oil wells. It is a region where religion, resources, and rivalries come together. Oil gives power, but it also brings competition. Religion unites people, but it also divides them. Foreign powers want influence, but their involvement often creates more problems. The fight for influence will continue, but the hope is that one day the leaders of the Middle East will put people’s welfare above power struggle